Synbiotic Lactic Dry^® enhanced the growth performance, growth-related genes, intestinal health, and immunity of Nile tilapia reared in inland brackish groundwater

Abstract Nile tilapia is recognized as a suitable candidate for intensive farming and sustainability of the aquaculture industry. However, one issue limiting expansion in arid semi-arid areas scarcity freshwater resources. In this study, supplementation synbiotics was investigated to enhance growth performance, growth-related genes, intestinal health, immunity reared inland brackish groundwater. Four diets were prepared where basal mixed with dietary mixture probiotics prebiotics (Synbiotic Lactic Dry ® , blend Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lactobacillus acidophilus Streptococcus faecium Bacillus subtilis mannan oligosaccharides β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan) at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg. After eight weeks, final weight gain are linearly increasing level synbiotic. Markedly fish fed g/kg synbiotic had higher weight, gain, feed intake lower conversion ratio (FCR) than free diet. The specific rate (SGR) significantly 1 0 0.5 intestine on shows an increase villi density. Further, showed length branching (anterior, middle, posterior) dose-dependent manner. lysozyme phagocytic activities different from control, while did not affect index. Interestingly, results marked upregulation ghrelin, IGF-1, GH genes addition, highest expression genes. conclusion, growing groundwater can be achieved without negative impacts performance health status. Supplementing (1–2 g/kg) feeds enhanced performances, histomorphological features, immune response.